Three Issues Related to Japan’s Surrender

1945年8月10日,日本向中、美、英、苏四大盟国发出紧急乞降照会,以“不变更天皇统治国家大权”为交换筹码,接受《波茨坦公告》,宣布投降。同一天,盟国围绕日本乞降照会交换了意见,盟国军民举行了首次胜利狂欢,延安总部下达了日本已无条件投降形势下的进军令,侵华日军惶惶不可终日。以上事态表明8月10日应为日本的投降日。基于在太平洋战争期间形成的关于处理天皇制问题的既定方针以及有利于减少美国伤亡和战后占领日本的考虑,8月11日,美国经过与各盟国紧急磋商,在所拟的复电中颇有保留地接受了日本的乞降要求,日本的投降并非无条件。8月15日,日本天皇裕仁发布《终战诏书》,日本军队停止作战、缴械投降。《终战诏书》为战后日本官方的历史认识“终战史观”提供了依据。在日本战败投降、世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年的今天,重新判读《终战诏书》,不乏启发意义。August 10,1945,Japanese government sent an urgent note to the four allied pow-ers about accepting Potsdam Proclamation surrender on the condition of the understanding of no damage to the Emperor’s supreme authority.The Allies leader decided to accept it and discussed countermeasures.The same day,the Allies soldiers and civilians celebrated victory for the first time.Yan’an headquarters ordered to go forward in view of unconditional surrender of the Japa-nese situation.Japanese invaders scared.All above evidenced that August 10 should be Japan’s surrender day.Potsdam Proclamation demanded Japanese army’s unconditional surrender.The ruling group of Japan requested that the surrender clause should not include the imperial house-hold conditions.Based on national interest,the United States tacitly acquiesced Japanese request. On August 15,Emperor Hirohito issued “The End of the War Edict”,and Japanese army en-tered the surrender procedure.This imperial edict,as a Japan’s historic landmark document,not only provides evidence for“To commemorate the end of the war in historical perspective”,but al-so sets Japanese government the tone of its history understanding,as well as the direction of Ja-pan’s postwar reconstruction.Today,at the day of 70th anniversary of Japan surrendered and victory over fascism,it’s enlightening to re-interpret“the Imperial Rescript of Surrender”.中文核心期刊要目总览(PKU)中国社会科学引文索引(CSSCI)528-374