Study of the instability of the Poiseuille flow using a thermodynamic formalism

The stability of the plane Poiseuille flow is analyzed using a thermodynamic formalism by considering the deterministic NavierStokes equation with Gaussian random initial data. A unique critical Reynolds number, Re-c approximate to 2,332, at which the probability of observing puffs in the solution changes from 0 to 1, is numerically demonstrated to exist in the thermodynamic limit and is found to be independent of the noise amplitude. Using the puff density as the macrostate variable, the free energy of such a system is computed and analyzed. The puff density approaches zero as the critical Reynolds number is approached from above, signaling a continuous transition despite the fact that the bifurcation is subcritical for a finite-sized system. An action function is found for the probability of observing puffs in a small subregion of the flow, and this action function depends only on the Reynolds number. The strategy used here should be applicable to a wide range of other problems exhibiting subcritical instabilities.National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) [91130005]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-13-10338]; Agency for Science, Technology and Research, SingaporeSCI(E)PubMedARTICLEweinan@math.princeton.edu319518-952311