Learning curve and perioperative outcomes analysis in three-port extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy : initial experience in 95 cases in single center

目的 分析三孔法经腹膜外途径腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术(extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy,ELRP)的学习曲线,探讨如何缩短三孔法ELRP的手术时间,减少术中出血.方法 回顾性分析2013年8月至2014年10月收治时间连续的95例前列腺癌患者的临床资料.平均年龄(65.9±7.7)岁,平均总前列腺特异抗原(15.4±12.7) μg/L,平均体质指数(24.8±3.2) kg/m2.本组95例均由同一术者行三孔法ELRP,根据手术顺序分为3组:A组32例(第1～32例),B组32例(第33 ～64例),C组31例(第65 ～ 95例).3组的年龄、体质指数、术前总前列腺特异性抗原、前列腺体积、临床分期、术前是否行新辅助内分泌治疗、经尿道前列腺切除手术史等比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).分析手术例数与手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数、术后腹腔引流管留置时间、手术切缘情况、术后生化复发,以及术后3、6、12个月尿失禁发生率等围术期参数的相关性.分别比较A组与B、C组,以及A、B组与C组在围术期参数方面的差异.结果 本组95例平均手术时间(81.0±18.6) min.随着手术总例数增加,手术时间显著缩短(|r |=0.612,P＜0.01).A、B、C各组内随着手术例数增加,手术时间无明显变化(P＞0.05).A组手术时间为(96.4±11.3) min,显著长于B、C组平均手术时间(73.2±16.7) min,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).A、B组平均手术时间为(87.6±17.2) min,显著长于C组的(67.5±13.8) min,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).95例的平均术中出血量(102.6±75.8) ml,随着手术例数增加,术中出血量显著减少(|rs| =0.677,P＜0.01).A组内随着手术例数增加,术中出血量显著减少(|rs | =0.619,P＜0.01).在B、C组内,手术例数的增加与术中出血量的变化均无明显相关性(P＞0.05).A组术中出血量为(158.7±81.3) ml,显著多于B、C组平均出血量(74.1 ±54.4) ml,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).A、B组平均术中出血量为(125.5±71.6) ml,显著多于C组的(55.3 ±61.6) ml,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).本组95例总体以及3组内的术后住院天数、术后引流管留置时间均与手术例数增加无显著相关性(P＞0.05);随手术例数增加,手术切缘阳性率、术后生化复发率、术后尿失禁发生率等无显著变化(P＞0.05).结论 有丰富腹腔镜手术经验的医师,经过约32例三孔法ELRP后,手术时间可以显著缩短,术中出血量显著减少;经过约64例后,手术时间和术中出血量可进一步降低.Objective To evaluate the learning curve of three-port extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(ELRP) and to minimize operative time and blood loss about this procedure.Methods From August 2013 to October 2014,the data from 95 consecutive patients,who had undergone three-port ELRP for prostate cancer,were retrospectively analyzed.The mean age was 65.9 ± 7.7 years,mean total PSA level was 15.4 ± 12.7 μg/L,and mean body mass index(BMI) was 24.8 ± 3.2 kg/m2.According to the number of procedures performed by the surgeon,all patients were classified into three chronologic groups,including group A (No.1-32),group B (No.33-64) and group C (No.65-95).There were no significant differences including age,BMI,tPSA,estimated prostate volume,clinical stages,history of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy,history of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) among group A,B and C (P ＞ 0.05).The operative outcomes analyzed were operative time,estimated blood loss,hospital stay,drainage tube indwelling days,pathological Gleason scores,pathological stages,positive surgical margin rates,biochemical recurrence rates and urinary incontinence rates.Among these 95 patients,the results of the first 32 cases were compared with those of the remaining 63 cases,the first 64 with the remaining 31.Results The average operative time in 95 patients was 81.0 ± 18.6 min.The sloping learning curve for this surgeon showed that the operative time for all 95 cases was strongly correlated with additional experience (| rs | =0.612,P＜0.01).Operative time,however,was not strongly correlated with the surgeon's experience in each group of A,B and C(P ＞0.05).Group A had longer operative time than that of Group B plus C(96.4 ± 11.3 min vs 73.2 ± 16.7 min,P ＜0.01).Group A plus B had longer operative time than that of group C (87.6 ± 17.2 min vs 67.5 ± 13.8 min,P ＜ 0.01).For all cases,the estimated blood loss was strongly correlated with additional experience (| rs | =0.677,P ＜ 0.01).Estimated blood loss was strongly correlated with the accumulation of experience for the initial 32 cases(| rs | =0.619,P ＜ 0.01).However,no strong correlation was observed over the next 63 cases.Group A had more blood loss than that of Group B plus C (158.7 ± 81.3 ml vs 74.1 ± 54.4 ml,P ＜ 0.01).Group A plus B had more blood loss than that of group C (125.5 ± 71.6 ml vs 55.3 ± 61.6 ml,P ＜ 0.01).But hospital stay,drainage tube keeping days were not strongly correlated with additional experience in each group(P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant correlation between the accumulation of experience and positive surgical margin rates,biochemical recurrence rates and urinary incontinence rates.Conclusion Our experience of three-port ELRP cases appears to be favorable with decreasing tendency in operative time,estimated blood loss with experience accumulation.Exposure to 32 surgeries,operative time and estimated blood loss reduced significantly,and after 64 cases operative time and estimated blood loss further reduced.中文核心期刊要目总览(PKU)中国科技核心期刊(ISTIC)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)9680-6853