Remedy of spectral and angular uncertainties in the estimation of broadband albedo from ETM+ data

High-resolution narrowband satellite data such as Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) contain important information that enables us to map land surface albedos and interrelated phenomenon in high precision. In this paper, land cover of study area is classified into three classes as to surface features so that it is less expensive to eliminate the adjacency effect and to reduce the uncertainty of angular effects caused by Lambertian surface assumption as well as spectral compensation. Then, 6S code is used to atmospheric correction of ETM+ data and to achieve spectral reflectance of different target. Next, to remedy the spectral deficiency of ETM+ data, which has only six bands could be used to calculate broadband albedo, the bandwidths not included in ETM+ sensor are simulated. Finally, spectral albedo is calculated using the ratio of upwelling and downwelling radiance in every spectral range and narrowband to broadband albedo conversion is carried out in total shortwave region (0.3-4 ??m) via radiative transfer simulations and conversion formula.EI