Anemia status and its relevant factors among elderly people aged above 80 years old in longevity areas in China

目的 了解我国长寿地区80岁以上老年人的贫血患病情况,分析可能的影响因素及其对健康的影响.方法 利用中国老人健康长寿影响因素研究数据,选取7个中国长寿之乡的所有百岁老人,以及在该地区按百岁老人编码尾数随机选取的40～、60～、80～和90～岁人群为研究对象,共1980名.通过问卷调查方式收集调查对象的基本资料、生活习惯、患病情况等信息,检测其血红蛋白及血浆宏量和微量元素水平.采用非条件logistic回归分析贫血影响因素.结果 我国7个长寿地区40～、60～、80～、90～和100～岁组老年人贫血患病率分别为16.1%(75/465)、19.1%(82/429)、41.1%(141/343)、46.2%(171/370)和57.1%(213/373).随着年龄的增长,贫血患病率持续上升(趋势检验z=14.7,P<0.05),100岁以上男性的贫血患病率最高,为66.7%(38/57).5个长寿地区中90岁及以上贫血组老年人血浆钙、铁、锌、铜中位数分别为:2.96 mmol/L、58.22 μmol/L、28.84 μmol/L、19.56 μmol/L,正常组老年人的血浆钙、铁、锌、铜水平分别为3.30 mmol/L、78.26 μmol/L、33.66 μmoL/L、20.62 μmol/L,贫血组低于正常组,差异有统计学意义(z值分别为-2.95、-3.07、-2.23和-2.16,P值均<0.05).多因素分析显示,影响贫血患病率的主要因素依次为年龄(OR=1.675,95% CI:1.554～1.807)、豆及豆制品摄入频率(OR=0.545,95%CI:0.435～0.682)、腰围(OR=0.567,95% CI:0.456～0.705)和肉类摄入频率(OR=1.608,95%CI:1.303～1.983).结论 我国长寿地区高年龄组老年人的贫血患病情况严重.多摄入豆类食物,保证良好的营养状况对于预防贫血有利.Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of anemia among elderly people aged 80 years old and above in longevity areas in China and to analyze its relevant factors to the health effects. Methods The data used in this study came from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,including all centenarians in 7 longevity areas, as well as randomly selected population aged 40 -, 60 - ,80 - and 90 - in the same 7 areas. A total of 1980 subjects enrolled in the study. The data of general information, eating habits and diseases history was collected by questionnaire survey. Hemoglobin, plasma macro and trace elements were gained by biochemical test. Logistic regression was used to analyze the anemia and its relevant factors. Results The prevalence of anemia of elderly people aged 40 - ,60 - ,80 - ,90 -, 100 - were 16. 1% (75/465), 19. 1% (82/429), 41.1% (141/343), 46. 2% (171/370) and 57. 1% (213/373) in 7 longevity areas ,which kept on a rise with the increasing of age (z = 14. 7, P < 0. 05). The prevalence of anemia of male aged 100 years old and above was 66. 7% (38/57) ,which was the highest one among all elderly. Plasma Ca (2. 96 mmol/L), Fe (58. 22 μmol/L), Zn (28.84 μmol/L) and Gu (19.56 μmol/L) of the elderly people aged 90 years old and above in anemia group,and in control group they were 3. 30 mmol/L, 78.26 μmol/L, 33.66 μmol/L, 20. 62 μmol/L, respectively. The significant differences were observed between the two groups (z values were -2. 95, -3.07, -2. 23 and -2. 16 ,P < 0. 05). The main risk factors related to anemia were age (OR = 1. 675,95% CI:1. 554 - 1. 807) ,followed by frequency of beans and their products intake (OR = 0. 545,95% CI:0. 435 -0. 682), waist circumference (OR = 0. 567,95% CI: 0. 456 - 0. 705) and frequency of meat intake (OR = 1. 608,95 % CI: 1. 303 -1. 983). Conclusion The anemia status of oldest old people in longevity areas was severe. Higher frequency of beans and their products intake and maintaining well nutritional condition benefit for the prevention of anemia.国家自然科学基金中文核心期刊要目总览(PKU)中国科技核心期刊(ISTIC)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)02115-1184