Planar waveguides in calcium barium niobate fabricated by MeV He ion implantation

A planar optical waveguide was formed in calcium barium niobate (CBN) crystal by 2.8-MeV He-ion implantation with a dose of 1.0 x 10(16) ions/cm(2) at room temperature. The prism-coupling method was used to take dark mode measurements at both 633 nm and 1539 nm. The refractive-index profile (n(o) and n(e)) of the He-implanted CBN waveguide was analyzed with the reflectivity calculation method. The results show that the MeV He implantation results in a decrease in refractive index in barriers for both n(o) (4.1%) and n(e) (3.1%), but for n(e) there is an increase in the waveguide region. The intensity profile of the guide mode and waveguide loss were obtained by end-fire coupling.OpticsPhysics, AppliedSCI(E)EI11ARTICLE2289-2928