Refractive index profiles of ion implanted waveguides in thulium sodium yttrium tungstate

Planar waveguides were first formed in thulium sodium yttrium tungstate (Tm:NaY(WO4)(2)) crystals by the implantation of MeV lie, P and Ni ions with certain doses at room temperature, respectively. The refractive index profiles of the three ion implanted waveguides were found different to some extent. The present data show that He+ ion implanted waveguides in Tm:NaY(WO4), should be the typical barrier type one, while a combination of radiation damage and radiation enhanced diffusion may be responsible for the refractive index profiles of the MeV Ni+ and P+ ion implanted waveguides in Tm:NaY(WO4)(2). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000172986600019&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701OpticsSCI(E)EI9ARTICLE1-6179-18520