Clinical delimitation and expectant management of early onset of severe pre-eclampsia

目的探讨早发型重度先兆子痫的临床界定及保守治疗的临床意义.方法回顾分析1988年9月至2004年4月,北京大学第三医院收治的255例无严重并发症及合并症的重度先兆子痫患者的临床资料,按重度先兆子痫发病孕周分为4组:A组<28周,24例; B组28～31周,50例; C组32～33周,34例;D组≥34周,147例.主要分析指标包括:发病孕周、终止妊娠孕周、孕周延长时间、严重并发症发生情况、胎儿及新生儿死亡率和小于孕龄儿发生率.结果 (1)A组保守治疗时间平均为(9 ±8) d,B组为(11±8)d,C组为(8±6) d,D组为(5±4) d,D组保守治疗时间与前3组比较, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).而A、B、C各组间的保守治疗时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).A、B、C各组孕妇并发症发生率比较,差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05),但与D组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);A、B组胎儿及新生儿死亡率、胎死宫内发生率与C、D组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),而C、D两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(2)多因素logistic回归分析显示,重度先兆子痫发病孕周,是影响孕妇并发症发生率的重要因素,而与保守治疗时间无相关性.终止妊娠孕周是影响胎儿及新生儿死亡率的主要因素,其次为发病孕周.(3)以32孕周为界值进行多因素分析显示,终止妊娠孕周是影响胎儿及新生儿死亡率的主要因素,并且与发病孕周分组有关.(4)以34孕周为界值分析则显示,围产儿死亡率只与终止妊娠孕周有关,而与孕周分组无相关性.结论以32孕周为界值划分早发型重度先兆子痫,更能反映发病孕周与分娩结局的关系.重度先兆子痫发病于32周前,采取保守治疗需要严格选择病例,并实施严密监护.To determine the clinical delimitation and to investigate the difference of maternal and perinatal outcome with expectant management of women with early onset of severe preeclampsia.Two hundred and fifty-five cases meeting the criteria of severe pre-eclampsia who underwent expectant management were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into 4 groups: group A (n = 24) with onset before 28 weeks of gestation, group B (n = 50) with onset during 28 - 31 weeks of gestation, group C (n = 34) with onset during 32 - 33 gestational weeks, and group D (n = 147) with onset >or= 34 weeks of gestation. Main outcome measures included prolongation of gestation, perinatal mortality rate, and small for gestational age as well as major complications.The average pregnancy prolongation was (9 +/- 3) days (range 1 to 40), (11 +/- 8) (range 1 to 28), (8 +/- 6) (range 1 to 21), and (5 +/- 4) (range 1 to 21), respectively in groups A, B, C and D. The gestational age at delivery was closely associated with the perinatal outcome. When a cut-off point was set at 34-week gestation, perinatal outcome was only associated with the gestational age at birth. If the cut-off point was set at 32-week gestation, perinatal morbidity and mortality were associated with both gestational age at birth and the onset of severe preeclampsia during pregnancy.The clinical delimitation of early onset of severe preeclampsia at 32-week gestation is significantly associated with poor maternal and perinatal outcome. Expectant management should be carried out in well-selected patients with severe preeclampsia remote from term, individually.PubMed中文核心期刊要目总览(PKU)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)05302-3054