Oxigenate fuel additives on the basis on renewable raw materials

The main global trend in the improvement of ecological and operational properties of motor fuels is the application of multipurpose additives, mainly, oxygenates, i.e. oxygen-containing substances (alcohols, ketones, ethers, etc.). The purpose of this review is to analyze the literature and patent data on the synthesis of oxygencontaining compounds based on renewable raw materials. The latter is mainly concerned with non-food raw materials (lignocellulose, glycerin) as well as agricultural and domestic waste (straw, sawdust, biomass, biogas). The data on the use of oxygenates as additives for improving of the operational properties of motor fuels are reviewed and summarized. It is shown that the application of such oxygenates prolongs operational life of fuels, often improves their quality and decreases toxicity of the combustion products. Both traditional additives (alcohols and ethers) and the components of second-generation fuels - derivatives of glycerol, furan and phenol - are analyzed in the revie