A comprehensive review of systemic factors associated with peri-implant diseases

Background: A variety of systemic factors have been associated with peri-implant diseases. Objective: The aim of the present comprehensive review was to assess current literature regarding the systemic factors associated with the etiology of peri-implant diseases. Data source: Databases were searched till January 2017 using different combinations of the following key words: “acquired immune deficiency syndrome”; “cancer”; “diabetes mellitus”; “genetic”; “peri-implant diseases”; “peri-implantitis”, “renal”; and “risk-factors”. Study selection: Clinical studies assessing the systemic factors associated with the etiology of peri-implantitis were included. Letters to the Editor, case-reports, case-series, in-vitro studies, studies on animal models and commentaries were excluded. Data extraction: The pattern of the present comprehensive review was customized to primarily summarize the pertinent information. Data synthesis: Poorly-controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for peri-implant diseases; however, under optimal glycemic control dental implants can osseointegrate in patients with DM. Osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis have been associated with peri-implant diseases; however, implant surface modifications and optimal oral hygiene maintenance are essential parameters that can facilitate osseointegration in these patients. Although irradiation is a significant risk-factor for peri-implant diseases; studies have shown that osseointegration and survival of implants is possible in cancer patients. There is a weak evidence that HIV infection is no more a contradiction for implant therapy. Although systemic diseases are significant risk-factors for dental implant failure, proper management of the systemic disorder and optimal oral hygiene may support osseointegration and survival of dental implants in medically-compromised patients