The Compton camera is a device for imaging gamma radiation sources. The advantages of the system lie in its sensitivity, due to the absence of mechanical collimator, and the possibility of imaging wide energy spectrum sources. These advantages make it a promising candidate for application in hadrontherapy. Funded by the european project ENVISION, FP7-Cooperation Work Program, this work deals with the development of image reconstruction methods for the Compton camera. We developed both analytical and iterative methods in order to reconstruct the source from cone-surface projections. Their performances are analyzed with regards to the context (geometry of the camera, number of events). We developped an analytical method using a Filtered BackP...