Scintillator based integrating detectors are used in conventional X-ray imaging systems. The new generation of energy-resolved semiconductor radiation detectors, based on CdTe/CdZnTe, allows counting the number of photons incident on the detector and measure their energy. The LDET laboratory developed pixelated spectrometric detectors for X-ray imaging, associated with a fast readout circuit, which allows working with high fluxes and while maintaining a good energy resolution. With this thesis, we bring our contribution to data processing acquired in radiographic and tomographic modes for material components quantification. Osteodensitometry was chosen as a medical application. Radiographic data was acquired by simulation with a detector wh...