Science museums, from the cabinet of curios to the contemporary natural history museum, are created and transformed according to processes which, once analysed, will show how they have responded to the constitution and advancement of scientific thought since the Renaissance. Different states and conceptions of science correspond to different forms, as regards both the constitution of its material memory and the manner it is staged for the visiting public.L'analyse des processus de création et de transformation des musées scientifiques, des cabinets de curiosité aux musées d'histoire naturelle contemporains, permet d'identifier comment ces processus font écho à la constitution et à l'évolution des idées scientifiques depuis la Renaissa...