This article explores the status of speech, as it became slowly dispossessed of its original signification by the written word, and analyses the circumstances having contributed to the disappearance of many collective aeations. Oral traditions raise methodological problems concerning the conservation of their structures and thematic content. The author outlines the methods employed to preserve these traditions, insisting on the need to ensure their dissemination, despite the costs involved in saving an oral heritage.Explorant l'évolution du statut de la parole, de la lente dépossession de ses significations originelles par l'écriture, et analysant les circonstances ayant contribué à l'extinction d'une multiplicité de créations collec...