Rights and Duties of the Participants of the Pedagogical Process in Higher School: Perspective of Retrospective

У розвідці здійснено спробу розкриття соціально-правового статусу і престижності праці науково-педагогічних кадрів, низку привілеїв, що надалися викладачам вищої школи в умовах Російської і Австро-Угорської імперій. З’ясовано рівень матеріального й соціального забезпечення, національні, соціальні та гендерні особливості професорсько-викладацького складу. Здійснено поліаспектний аналіз студентського контингенту, схарактеризовано правове становище вихованців вищих навчальних закладів. Проаналізовано реалізацію учасниками педагогічного процесу у вищій школі України на початку ХХ століття низки академічних, корпоративних, громадянських та політичних прав, права соціального захисту.The article reveals the development of the legal status of participants of the pedagogical process in the higher school on the territory of Ukraine at the beginning of the XX century. A number of duties of the teacher of higher school, relevant for the teaching staff of the Russian and Austrian empires are distinguished, in particular: to have the corresponding scientific degree and professional qualification; to realize the high social mission of the scientist, to be the leader of the national (state) policy in the field of higher education, to take an active part in the life of the higher education institution and to be involved in the development of a strategy for the development of higher education; to provide the appropriate scientific and methodological level of teaching, to prepare articles, monographs, reviews, to conduct the guidance of dissertations of the applicants of scientific degrees; to care about professional self-improvement (foreign internships, conferences, work in scientific societies); to carry out an educational function among the population. The complex of rights, inherent for teachers of education institutions on the territory of Ukraine, is generalized, namely: academic (in the sense of the implementation of the freedom of teaching and scientific creativity), corporate (participation in meetings of collegial and advisory bodies), civil and political (freedom of speech and conscience, protection of own honor and dignity, the right to choose and be elected to bodies of state power and local government), the right of social protection (for decent wages, pension provision and sufficient life level). It is proved that the stabilization of the legal personality of the teachers of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the XX century was not made possible by the strict censorship of teaching aids, the verification of “political trustworthiness” of the content of training courses and dissertations, vigilant police surveillance, etc. The list of duties and opportunities for students to realize academic, corporate, civil and political rights, social protection rights, peculiarities of emancipation processes in the student environment, successes and failures of youth in overcoming social, national, gender discrimination in the conditions of the Russian and Austrian empires are found out. The significance of positive and negative motivation for strengthening the legal status of student youth and ensuring versatile personality development are revealed