Evidence-Based Clinical Use of Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicles in Nanomedicine
- Fais S.
- O'Driscoll L.
- Borras F.E.
- Buzas E.
- Camussi G.
- Cappello F.
- Carvalho J.
- Cordeiro Da Silva A.
- Del Portillo H.
- El Andaloussi S.
- Ficko Trček T.
- Furlan R.
- Hendrix A.
- Gursel I.
- Kralj-Iglic V.
- Kaeffer B.
- Kosanovic M.
- Lekka M.E.
- Lipps G.
- Logozzi M.
- Marcilla A.
- Sammar M.
- Llorente A.
- Nazarenko I.
- Oliveira C.
- Pocsfalvi G.
- Rajendran L.
- Raposo G.
- Rohde E.
- Siljander P.
- Van Niel G.
- Vasconcelos M.H.
- Yáñez-Mó M.
- Yliperttula M.L.
- Zarovni N.
- Zavec A.B.
- Giebel B.
DOIAbstract
Recent research has demonstrated that all body fluids assessed contain substantial amounts of vesicles that range in size from 30 to 1000 nm and that are surrounded by phospholipid membranes containing different membrane microdomains such as lipid rafts and caveolae. The most prominent representatives of these so-called extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized exosomes (70-150 nm), which are derivatives of the endosomal system, and microvesicles (100-1000 nm), which are produced by outward budding of the plasma membrane. Nanosized EVs are released by almost all cell types and mediate targeted intercellular communication under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Containing cell-type-specific signatures, EVs have been proposed ...
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