An evaluation of cognitions, mood and behaviours in late adolescents : a study of associations with risk for bipolar disorder.

Using a behavioural high risk measurement design, this current study investigated the relationships between self-reported behaviour problems and anger in the prediction of risk for bipolar disorder in 16–18 year old students. A sample of students (n = 114, 76 female), aged between 16 and 18 years, completed the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) (Eckblad & Chapman, 1986), Novaco Anger Scale (NAS) (Novaco, 1994), Internal States Scale (ISS) (Bauer, Vojta, Kinosian, Altshuler, & Glick, 2000) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (Goodman, Meltzer, & Bailey, 1998). Variables significantly correlated with risk for bipolar disorder (HPS scores) were entered into a regression analysis. High levels of hyperactivity, activation and anger and irritability, and low levels of emotional symptoms all significantly contributed to risk of hypomania in this group. The findings from this study may be relevant both clinically and in the research field in order to extend further current knowledge regarding risk for bipolar disorder in this vulnerable group. Developmental issues around bipolar disorder have been highlighted and the possible clinical presentation of those at risk of the illness has been outlined