Treatment of anxiety disorders in primary care practice: a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are prevalent in primary care. Psychological treatment is effective but time-consuming, and there are waiting lists for secondary care. Interest has therefore grown in developing guidelines for treatment that would be feasible in primary care.AIM: To compare the effectiveness and feasibility of guided self-help, the Anxiety Disorder Guidelines of the Netherlands College of General Practitioners and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).Design of study: Randomised controlled study lasting 12 weeks with follow-up at 3 and 9 months for primary care patients with panic disorder and/or generalised anxiety disorder.SETTING: The first two forms of treatment were carried out by 46 GPs who were randomly assigned to one or the other form. CBT was carried out by cognitive behaviour therapists in a psychiatric outpatient clinic.METHOD: Participants (n = 154) were randomly assigned to one of the three forms of treatment. The main outcome measure used was the state subscale of the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory.RESULTS: All three forms of treatment gave significant improvement between pre-test and post-test, and this improvement remained stable between post-test and the follow-ups. The results obtained with the three treatment forms did not differ significantly over time. The feasibility of the Anxiety Disorder Guidelines was low compared with that of guided self-help.CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that primary care patients with prevalent anxiety disorders for whom the GP does not find referral necessary can be adequately treated by the GP. Psychiatric outpatient clinic referral does not give superior results. Guided self-help is easier for the GP to carry out than a less highly-structured treatment like that laid down in the Anxiety Disorder Guideline