Self-help therapy for insomnia: A meta-analysis

0.05, respectively). Although based on a very limited number of studies, the face-to-face treatments did not show statistically significant superiority to the self-help treatments. The effect sizes associated with self-help treatments might be overestimated due to publication bias. Conclusions The effects of self-help treatments are small to moderate. Nevertheless, they might constitute a useful addition to existing treatment options especially when integrated in a stepped care approach. Keywords: Insomnia; Psychological treatment; Bibliotherapy; Self-help; Meta-analysi