One of the greatest advances in oncology and genetics over the past 20 years has been the identification of hereditary forms of cancer and of the cancer genes. Nevertheless, in a majority of patients suspected to present an inherited form of cancer, analyses of the genes known to be involved in the Mendelian predispositions to cancer often remain negative. Today, thanks to the emergence of high-throughput sequencing (NGS), it is now possible to sequence all exons of an individual (exome) or several hundred genes in a short period of time and for a reasonable cost. In this context, we have applied several strategiesbased on these new tools in order to identify new molecular basis of early-onset cancers. First, we applied an intra-familial ex...