These last twenty years, the development of dense and highly sensitive seismologic and geodetic networks permits the discovery of new geophysical signals named non-volcanic tremor (Obara 2002) and slow slip events (Dragert et al., 2001). The combination of non-volcanic tremor and transient slow slip is commonly observed at plate interface, between locked/seismogenic zone at low depths and stable/ductile creep zone at larger depths (Dragert et al., 2004). This association defines episodic tremor and slip, systematically highlighted by over-pressurized fluids and near failure shear stress conditions. In this thesis we propose to combine a microstructural analysis of exhumed rocks with a modeling approach in order to accurately reproduce and u...