Approaching zero-carbon in urban areas with renewable energy: a solar photovoltaics system case study at Centennial Parklands, Sydney

The purpose of this research is to assess the renewable energy potential of an extensive urban parkland and develop an approach for a zero-carbon operation with affordable renewable energy systems. In this research, wind, ground source geothermal and solar energy potentials have been generally assessed and a case study of solar photovoltaics system has been made for a representative sample location, which is one of the largest urban parks in Sydney, Centennial Parklands.As awareness of climate increases, people are seeking effective solutions to reduce their carbon emissions. Renewable energy is considered one of the best methods. With prices for renewable energy systems, such as photovoltaic systems, becoming comparable to established forms, renewable energy is also becoming an alternative energy solution for commercial and residential customers. Centennial Parklands management is seeking renewable energy and energy efficiency responses to approach zero-carbon.To assess available renewable energy resources, Geographic Information System (GIS) 3-dimensional data is used as an effective tool to find and evaluate the resources. The system designs provide performance simulations which can be carried out using commercial software. Different ways to match the systems’ production to the loads are discussed. A renewable energy private wire network is suggested as one approach to reduce utility energy consumption. Impacts on the urban utility grid and local environment are analysed and discussed. A thorough investigation of available support measures from federal, state and local government is conducted to reduce the cost of systems. Considering renewable energy resources and systems costs, solar energy is the best solution for Centennial Parklands. Simulation results suggest that photovoltaic systems can be effective in reducing the carbon emissions and fossil energy consumption in an urban area. The financial analysis indicates that Centennial Parklands will benefit from these systems within a short simple payback period and provide considerable savings in electricity expenditure