Japan's approach to missile defence cooperation from 1993 to 2003 : examining the structure of cooperation to determine the relative influence of key security objectives

The intent of this study is to assess the role of fundamental Japanese security policy objectives in driving the significant shifts in Japans approach towards missile defence cooperation with the United States from 1993 to 2003.In studying the relative influence of the objectives that guided Japans approach towards missile defence cooperation, this thesis seeks to address a gap in the literature. A debate has occurred over the direction of Japanese security policy that is based on widely different assumptions on the importance attached to various fundamental security objectives. At the same time, Japans approach to missile defence has been the subject of considerable analysis that identified the crucial importance of the issue for the attainment of these fundamental security policy objectives. But no linkage has been established between these two levels of analysis. In particular, there has been an absence of assessments of what Japans decisions on missile defence cooperation indicate about the relative influence of the various objectives.This thesis developed an analytical framework to enable such an assessment by examining the structure of missile defence cooperation undertaken. Japan possessed a range of options in the level and type of involvement in missile defence cooperation. That involvement would determine the eventual type of benefits and costs incurred against the affected objectives. Cooperation agreed to (or rejected) over the ten year period thereby provides a means to determine the influence of key objectives on Japans approach, and in particular those objectives that restrained involvement.The thesis finds that a clear hierarchy existed in the influence of the various objectives on Japans approach with changes in their influence explaining the evolution of Japans commitment. The desire to strengthen the alliance, weakening domestic political constraints, and disregard of Chinas opposition provide the key explanations. These findings not only point towards the respective strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches employed to explain Japanese security policy, but they also suggest the value of greater attention to the states ability to overcome domestic constraints in determining policy in order to fully understand the broader transformation of Japanese security policy