Thoracoscopy: A New Era for Surgical Anatomy

In this new era of minimal access surgery, advances in optics and illumination haveestablished thoracoscopic sympathectomy as a pre-eminent procedure, including a safe andefficient technique for upper limb sympathectomy. The success of thoracoscopy will doubtlessensure that a greater number of these procedures will be carried out and will put someof the daunting technical challenges posed by traditional open surgical procedures to rest. Thethoracoscopic era affords the surgical anatomist a new challenge: to move the teaching ofliving anatomy to a higher level