Computing the smallest eigenpairs of the graph Laplacian

The graph Laplacian, a typical representation of a network, is an important matrix that can tell us much about the network structure. In particular its eigenpairs (eigenvalues and eigenvectors) incubate precious topological information about the network at hand, including connectivity, partitioning, node distance and centrality. Real networks might be very large in number of nodes; luckily, most real networks are sparse, meaning that the number of edges (binary connections among nodes) are few with respect to the maximum number of possible edges. In this paper we experimentally compare three important algorithms for computation of a few among the smallest eigenpairs of large and sparse matrices: the Implicitly Restarted Lanczos Method, which is the current implementation in the most popular scientific computing environments (MATLAB/R), the Jacobi\u2013Davidson method, and the Deflation Accelerated Conjugate Gradient method. We implemented the algorithms in a uniform programming setting and tested them over diverse real-world networks including biological, technological, information, and social networks