Metagenomics studies the genomic content of a sample extracted from a natural environment. Among available analyses, comparative metagenomics aims at estimating the similarity between two or more environmental samples at the genomic level. The traditional approach compares the samples based on their content in known identified species. However, this method is biased by the incompleteness of reference databases. By contrast, de novo comparative metagenomics does not rely on a priori knowledge. Sample similarity is estimated by counting the number of similar DNA sequences between datasets. A metagenomic project typically generates hundreds of datasets. Each dataset contains tens of millions of short DNA sequences ranging from 100 to 150 base ...