The combined effect of selection and changes in population size (as inferred by [89] for Europeans) on the distribution of variances among segregating sites.

<p>(A) The cumulative variance arising from sites with contributions above a threshold as a function of the threshold, for different selection coefficients. Cumulative variance is measured in units of 4<i>u</i> · <i>w</i>²/<i>n</i>, the equilibrium expectation for a strongly selected site, while the threshold is in units of 10⁻³ · <i>w</i>²/<i>n</i>. (B) The distribution of variances among loci identified in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of height. The empirical distribution is in solid black, and our inferred fit is in dashed black. Simulation results for each selection coefficient (in color) are normalized such that the proportion of variance at the study threshold is always 1. For similar results corresponding to BMI, see Fig A20b in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.2002985#pbio.2002985.s001" target="_blank">S1 Text</a>, and for further details, see Section 9 in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.2002985#pbio.2002985.s001" target="_blank">S1 Text</a>.