Simulated shocks: The effect of link removal.

<p>Change in flatness (defined as the fraction of unbiased links in the network) as a function of removed fraction of links for different selection methods and for a few selected years (other years show a similar trend). The error bars correspond to ± 2 standard error for the random link removal case. Similar to the node removal case, the system flatness does not change appreciably as links are removed randomly. Removing biased links (i.e., maximum or minimum z-scores) and links with maximum transactions makes the system flatter.