Effect of direct provision of fruits and vegetables in schools on fruit and vegetable intake in children.

<p>Intakes represent habitual (not just in-school) consumption. Solid squares represent study specific continuous changes in reported intakes; and lines, 95% confidence intervals (Cis). Vertical line represents pooled effect size (ES); and open diamond, corresponding 95% CI. Multi-component strategies were included only if the food environment policy was a major component, judged qualitatively to be at least 30% of the overall intervention. The relative contribution of the food environment policy component to the overall intervention was qualitatively assessed as low (30 to <60%), medium (60 to <90%), and high (≥90%). ^a A single estimate was obtained by summing separately reported outcomes (n = 2) that their total aligned to the single optimal definition (i.e., total vegetables, combined fruits and vegetables). ^b Same intervention reporting outcomes for different counties and ages. RCT, randomized controlled trial; QED, quasi-experimental intervention with external control group; QED, no C, quasi-experimental intervention without external control group; CA, Canada; DK, Denmark; F, Finland; N, Norway; NL, Netherlands; NZ, New Zealand; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States of America.