Surface Engineering of a Nickel Oxide–Nickel Hybrid Nanoarray as a Versatile Catalyst for Both Superior Water and Urea Oxidation

Developing efficient and low-cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrodes is a pressing but still challenging task for energy conversion technologies such as water electrolysis, regenerative fuel cells, and rechargeable metal–air batteries. Hence, this study reports that a nickel oxide–nickel hybrid nanoarray on nickel foam (NiO–Ni/NF) could act as a versatile anode for superior water and urea oxidation. Impressively, this anode could attain high current densities of 50 and 100 mA cm^–2 at extremely low overpotentials of 292 and 323 mV for OER, respectively. Besides, this electrode also shows excellent activity for urea oxidation with the need for just 0.28 and 0.36 V (vs SCE) to attain 10 and 100 mA cm^–2 in 1.0 M KOH with 0.33 M urea, respectively. The enhanced oxidation performance should be due to the synergistic effect of NiO and Ni, improved conductivity, and enlarged active surface area