Review of HIV treatment progress, gaps, and challenges in the Caribbean, 2005–2015

ABSTRACT Objective To highlight the current context of the HIV response in the Caribbean and what remains to be addressed to close gaps in HIV treatment and care and end AIDS by 2030. Methods We reviewed and analyzed reports from peer-reviewed and gray literature for the period of 2005–2015 on HIV treatment progress and gaps in the Caribbean, based on searches done in four bibliographic databases and three organizations’ websites and/or libraries. Data were extracted using forms detailing study objectives, thematic areas for HIV care and treatment in the Caribbean, results, and other key information. Before being included in the descriptive review, each publication was assessed for its relevance to the HIV response in the Caribbean. Results We carefully analyzed a total of 62 sources addressing HIV treatment coverage in the Caribbean, including peer-reviewed articles, gray literature reports, and abstracts. The Caribbean has made remarkable progress in reducing new infections and in increasing health care access. Coverage with antiretroviral (ARV) treatment rose between 2005 and 2015, and HIV-related mortality fell by half. Despite the decline in HIV incidence rates, some Caribbean countries have reported challenges with linkages to care, access and adherence to ARV treatment, and viral suppression. Conclusion The risk of HIV infection in the Caribbean among at-risk populations, including men who have sex with men, transgender persons, and sex workers, is disproportionately high. Caribbean countries need to work together to face the HIV threat. National programs need to fast-track HIV treatment services and accelerate other responses to HIV by 2020, and then maintain sustained actions up through 2030