A imigração Espanhola para o Brasil e a formação da força-de-trabalho na economia cafeeira: 1880-1930

Spanish speaking immigrants as compared to the italians faced less opportunities of social mobility. Subventioned by the provincial government, they came to substitute for outgoing Italian workers, after 1902. Very few of them achieved their goal of owning small landed properties. Low qualified workers, they came mainly as wage labor for new areas of coffee plantation. Of rural origin, they were assimilated into Brazilian society, leaving few traces of national and group identity. Statistical data is carefully worked through a national and regional perspective, as well as the different stages they faced in the transition to free labor