Optimal doses and concentrations of mutagens for winter wheat breeding purposes. Part I. Grain productivity

Evaluation of winter wheat mutant families (2011 – 2012, second – third generations, exclude a little number of dominant mutations at first generation) and lines (2013 – 2016, forth and next generations) has been carried out. Six bread winter wheat lines have been identified as high-grain productivity mutants (prevalent on national standard variety for agriculture zone by summarized three-year’s results). For these lines higher value of two components of yield structure (1,000 grain weight and grain weight per plant) was typical during field estimation. Other indexes didn’t get significant influences on yield performance. Gamma-rays dose 100 Gy as a mutagen factor was the most successful in induction productive mutations. Medium dose of gamma-rays (100 Gy) and concentrations of nitrosoalkylureas (0.01 – 0.0125%) are recommended for winter wheat mutation breeding on grain productivity. Four lines were recommended for state varieties exam. Two earliness, one semi- and one short-stem lines have been determined for using directly as future varieties or components of breeding crosses. Varieties obtained by gamma radiation are less sensitive to same mutagen (in terms of mutation induction). Their re-exposure is inappropriate by same mutagen. The same situation was observed for chemical mutagens. However, the varieties which obtained with field hybridization or after treated by other types of mutagens (for example exploited chemical mutagens for radiomutants) were more successful as initial material for obtaining new highproductive lines