Dvojí inspirace ruské identity na počátku 20. století // Two forms of Russian identity at the beggining of the 20th century

The problem of identity, which was felt by every society, acquired a systematic form during the modern era. The identity of modern Europe in comparison to the Ancient culture had become the topic of reflection. Such reflections turned into the philosophy of history, particularly in German idealism (Fr. Schiller, G. W. Fr. Hegel, Fr. W. J. Schelling), through the comparison of classic epic and modern novel, and the ancient tragedy with the tragedy of Shakespeare. European identity was identified with the rationalism and individualism of “modernity”. In contrast to this, conceptions based on the neo-platonic idea of cosmos appeared. These were typical of Russian philosophy, which emphasized the idea of salvation in “sobornost” (A. S. Khomyakov) and “mystic anarchism” (Vyacheslav Ivanov). In the 20th century, the so-called Eurasianism formulated a new concept of the identity of the space originally controlled by the Russian empire, not as the place of the redemptory fulfillment of history, but identity based on the idea of the eternal movement and fight