CONFLITOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS NA APA BORORÉ-COLÔNIA: DOS PREEXISTENTES AOS NOVOS ASSOCIADOS AO LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL DO TRECHO SUL DO RODOANEL DE SÃO PAULO

This paper addresses the social and environmental conflicts in a protected landscape of sustainable use which has faced urban expansion of high social exclusion. In this scenario of both socio and environmental vulnerability, the Protected Landscape of Borore-Colonia was created, at the same time that municipal natural parks in the interior of this APA were also created as compensatory measure for the environmental licensing of the South Part of the Metropolitan Ring Road. The research question that guided the study is: What are the interference of environmental licensing of the Metropolitan Ring Road both in existing conflicts and in the generation new conflicts in the implementation of the Municipal Natural Park Itaim in the region of Borore-Colonia Protected Landscape? The objetive of this study was to analyze the conflicts in the Protected Landscape of Borore-Colonia considering both the pre-existing conflicts to the environmental licensing of the Southern Ring Road stretch and the conflicts that emerged with the creation of the park as a compensatory measure of this licensing. This research was developed as a case study having documental analysis, semi-structured interview carried out with nine social actors, and participatory research as major sources of information. The ethnographic perspective was the selected one for the conflict analysis. As a result, both socio and environmental conflicts that took place previously and simultaneously to the environmental licensing of the South Part of the Metropolitan Ring Road were analyzed with identification of the natural and social agents involved, the major actors (including the Public Power), and their power of quotas. As a conclusion, it was perceived that the pre-existing conflicts were accentuated by the new ones resulting from the licensing and the environmental impacts of the construction of the Southern Section of the Ring Road and the conduct of the Bill of the creation of the protected landscape. It is recommended that the environmental licensing, particularly environmental compensation mechanisms, should not only comply with environmental legislation, but also incorporate the resolution of environmental conflicts that affect local communities directly impacted by the project. It is recommended that the environmental licensing for impact assessment do incorporate safeguards for resolving environmental conflicts that affect local communities that are directly impacted by infrastructure works (e.g. Ring Road) in its environmental compensation mechanisms