Economic optimisation of seawater reverse osmosis desalination with boron rejection

NoReverse Osmosis (RO) process is widely used for seawater desalination. In this work, we considered a small scale SWRO (Spiral Wound Reverse Osmosis) desalination unit which is enough to cover the need of a medium size hotel complex at Limassol city in Cyprus. The pH of the seawater in the region is 7.95 and the temperature varies from 17 to 27 °C. The aim of this study is to identify the configuration of the RO process and the optimum operating parameters such as pH and pressure that can minimise the total annualised cost of the process subject to acceptable quality of freshwater in terms of boron concentrations throughout the year. For this purpose, the mathematical model for boron rejection developed earlier by the authors is used but incorporates cost functions. The model is based on solution-diffusion model which can describe solvent and solute transport mechanism through the membranes. With the variation of seasonal seawater temperature, the key finding of this study was that by choosing the right combination of pH and pressure, substantial economical savings up to 16 % could be achieved