Road traffic has become more and more intense. Such as situation with thelack of attention of pedestrians are the two major causes of the increase in road accidents. In France, 16% of road accidents in 2016 involve at least one pedestrian and each year about 800 pedestrians are killed in a traffic accident. In addition, the proportion of pedestrian deaths having over 65 years old is up to 13% between 2014 and 2016. In fact, this thesis proposes a probabilistic approach to recognize pedestrians’ behavior (risky or secure) when crossing the street. This approach consists of two main layers: a low layer, based on computer vision techniques, for collecting pedestrian and traffic parameters and a high layer, based on the Bayesian Network, for be...