Simultaneous investigation of microvasculature and parenchyma in cerebral small vessel disease using intravoxel incoherent motion imaging

Introduction: Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is associated with microvascular and parenchymal alterations. Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI has been proposed to simultaneously measure both the microvascular perfusion and parenchymal diffusivity. This study aimed to evaluate the application of IVIM in cSVD to assess the microvasculature and parenchymal microstructure. Methods: Seventy-three patients with cSVD (age 70 +/- 11 y) and thirty-nine controls (age 69 +/- 12 y) underwent IVIM imaging (3T). Group differences of the perfusion volume fraction f and the parenchymal diffusivity D were investigated using multivariable linear regression accounted for age, sex and cardiovascular factors. To examine the relation between the IVIM measures and the disease severity on structural MRI, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) load served as surrogate measure of the disease severity. Results: Patients had a larger f (p <0.024) in the normal appearing white matter (NAWM) than controls. Higher D (p <0.031) was also observed for patients compared with controls in the NAWM and grey matter. Both f (p <0.024) and D (p