Prevalencia de consumo de alcohol y factores de riesgo asociados, en adolescentes de 10 a 19 años de edad de los colegios urbanos de la ciudad de Limón, 2009-2010

El 47.4 % de los estudiantes se ubican en el rango de 14 y 16 años de edad, el 51.05% sexo masculino. Padre migrante 22.39% con mas de un año de migración, educación del padre con primaria 43.88%, educación de la madre con primaria 44.47%, presión de grupo 6.91%, facilidad de conseguir alcohol 32.02%, permisividad para salir de casa 33.51%, acudir a fiestas 82.75%. Los adolescentes consumen por: diversión sexo masculino 54.83%, sexo femenino 54.17%, en la adolescencia media 52.99%; por problemas en la adolescencia media el 53.57% más en el sexo femenino con 57.15%; por tristeza en la adolescencia media 50.68%, la prevalencia total de consumo de alcohol es 47.9%. Conclusiones: La población vulnerable se encuentra en la adolescencia media, respecto del género no hay diferencia significativa en porcentajes. La educación de los progenitores es tan solo de nivel de primaria, la permisividad sumada al fácil acceso de compra de alcohol conlleva a la alta prevalencia encontrada del 47,9%. AUABSTRACT Objective: To determine prevalence of alcohol consumption and associated risk factors in adolescents 10 to 19 years old in Limón urban schools. Method and materials: prevalence study, school year in September 2009 - June 2010. The sample calculation based on finite universe of 937 cases with a probability occurrence 30%, non-occurrence probability 70%, a confidence level of 95% (1.96). 719 cases were identified, for the data gathering; we used a previously validated questionnaire, statistical analysis with SPSS 15.00. Results: 47.4% of students are placed in the range of 14 to 16 years of age, 51.05% male. Father migrant 22.39% with more than one year of migration, the parent with primary education 43.88%, education of the mother primary 44.47%, 6.91% peer pressure, easy to get alcohol 32.02%, permission to leave the house 33.51%, 82.75% go to parties. Adolescents consumption: for fun, male 54.83%, 54.17% females, in middle adolescence 52.99%, due to problems in middle adolescence the 53.57% higher in females with 57.15%, sadness in mid-adolescence 50.68%, total prevalence of alcohol consumption is 47,9%. Conclusions: The vulnerable population is in the middle adolescence, with respect to gender there is no significant difference in percentages. The parental education is only primary level, the permissiveness along with easy access to purchase alcohol leads to the elevated prevalence of 47.9%. Keywords: alcohol, prevalence, permissiveness.Magíster en Salud PúblicaCuenc