International audienceA series of Greek and Latin texts show that the Orontes river was navigable, mainly in the region of Antioch in Syria during the Roman period and in Late Antiquity. This article gathers these documents for the first time, taking into account the other available data, epigraphic and archaeological, in order to define the role of the Orontes in the economy of Northern Syria. The importance generally given to river traffic in the long-distance trade and in the supply of the armies probably has to be minimized. The boats that sailed the river seem especially to have supplied large urban markets, that of Antioch for sure, those of Apamea and Epiphaneia much more hypothetically, and primarily at a regional scale. The develop...