Understanding marine ecosystem services in Malta: A focus on climate regulation, nursery habitat and recreational services

The research explored the relationship that people have with marine environments around Malta through the framework of ecosystem services with the idea that the results of this research could be used as a starting point for the development of a management plan for the marine environment around Malta. Surveys were conducted targeting residents, tourists, and divers to gain an understanding of stakeholder perception of the threats facing climate regulation, provision of nursery habitat and recreation. These data were used to develop a GIS where essential areas and impacts were compared and areas of potential conflict were identified. There were significant numbers of areas of overlap between impacts and essential habitat that were identified. It is likely that these areas of overlap will result in conflict or loss of service in the future. Community based marine spatial planning may be a way to prevent conflict and degradation. Results from the surveys indicated that community involvement in management might be hampered by a lack of comprehension of the complex processes and vocabulary, though stakeholders appear to be well versed with the associated pressures and impacts