Hypothetical model of the molecular pathway involved in E-induced Ca regulation in α-cells

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Low Doses of Bisphenol A and Diethylstilbestrol Impair Ca Signals in Pancreatic α-Cells through a Nonclassical Membrane Estrogen Receptor within Intact Islets of Langerhans"</p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(8):969-977.</p><p>Published online 18 May 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1280335.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI.</p> Abbreviations: G, G-protein; P, intra-cellular phosphate. 17β-E and EDCs activate a PTX-sensitive pathway, indicating either that a G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) is involved or that a receptor with a different structure from GPCRs is coupled to a classical GPCR that activates a G-protein. This receptor is coupled in a yet undetermined manner with NOS, which generates NO. This activates soluble GC, which increases cGMP levels, which activates PKG, regulating ion channels and producing the abolishment of low-glucose–induced [Ca]