Reactive oxygen species and p47phox activation are essential for the -induced pro-inflammatory response in murine microglia-6

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Reactive oxygen species and p47phox activation are essential for the -induced pro-inflammatory response in murine microglia"</p><p>http://www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/4/1/27</p><p>Journal of Neuroinflammation 2007;4():27-27.</p><p>Published online 26 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2235845.</p><p></p>on) in the presence or absence of 1% s-Mtb or 100 ng/ml LPS for 30 min. The live cells were washed with serum-free medium and imaged using confocal microscopy. Images are representative of three independent experiments. ) Cytokine production in astrocyte-enriched cultures. Astrocyte-enriched cultures were stimulated with 1% s-Mtb for the indicated times (0- 48 h). The supernatant was analyzed for cytokine production using ELISA for TNF-α and IL-6. Values are the mean ± SD of triplicate samples. ) The effects of IL-1β on superoxide production. Primary mixed glial cells were stimulated with 1% s-Mtb or 100 ng/ml LPS in the presence of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to IL-1β (1 μg/ml) or isotype control (1 μg/ml). After a 1-h incubation at 37°C, the cells were incubated with DHE (for superoxide detection) for 30 min. The live cells were washed with serum-free medium and imaged using confocal microscopy. The images are representative of three independent experiments. ) The effects of IL-1β on cytokine production. Primary mixed glial cells were pre-incubated with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to IL-1β (1 μg/ml) or isotype control (1 μg/ml) in the presence or absence of NAC (20 mM), DPI (20 μM), rotenone (10 μM), allopurinol (100 μM), or 0.1% DMSO control for 30 min. The cells were then stimulated with 1% s-Mtb for 18 h. The supernatant was analyzed for cytokine production using ELISA for TNF-α and IL-6. Values are the mean ± SD of triplicate samples