Maps of the position and geophysical setting of the ESR vents.

<p>(A) The Scotia Sea showing the ESR in relation to the Scotia Plate (SCO), South Sandwich Plate (SAN), South American Plate (SAM), the Antarctic Plate (ANT), the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), and the South Sandwich Trench (SST). Oceanographic features shown include the Polar Front (PF), the Sub-Antarctic Front (SAF), and the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (SACCF). The sites E2 and E9 are indicated by red arrows. (B) Ship-based swath bathymetry of the vent sites at E2 showing the axial summit graben. The black circle indicates the sites of main venting. (C and D) ROV-based 3-D swath bathymetry of E2 (C) and high-resolution swath bathymetry of the major steep-sided fissure that runs north–south through the centre of the site, between longitude 30° 19.10′W and 30° 19.15′W (D). Dog's Head vent site is indicated. White arrows indicate vent sites not mentioned in text. (E) Ship-based swath bathymetry of the vent sites at E9 showing the axial fissures and the collapsed crater called the Devil's Punchbowl. The black spot indicates the sites of main venting. (F) ROV-based 3-D swath bathymetry of the vent sites at E9. The vent sites Ivory Tower, Car Wash, and Black and White are indicated. Other vent sites are indicated by white arrows.