Inhibitors of glutamate transporters and K⁺-Cl⁻ co-transporters reduce the OGD-induced swelling in both astrocytic subpopulations.

<p>The effect of 100 µM DL-TBOA, an inhibitor of excitatory amino acid transporters (<b>A</b>), 100 µM DIOA, an inhibitor of K⁺-Cl⁻ co-transporter (<b>B</b>), and 100 µM bumetanide, an inhibitor of Na⁺-K⁺-Cl⁻ co-transporter (<b>C</b>). <b>A–C top:</b> Time course of volume changes in HR-astrocytes (filled circles) and LR-astrocytes (empty circles) during 40-minute OGD (control) and during 20-minute OGD followed by 20-minute OGD with the application of an inhibitor in HR-/LR-astrocytes (filled/empty triangles). <b>A–C bottom:</b> The effect of inhibitors was evaluated in each individual cell and expressed as the percent cell volume increase/decrease related to the maximal volume after 20-minute OGD, which was set as 0%. Note that the application of DL-TBOA and DIOA led to a swelling reduction in both HR- and LR- astrocytes, while bumetanide only affected the swelling in HR-astrocytes. Asterisks indicate significant differences from controls (<i>p</i><0.05 (*, significant), <i>p</i><0.01 (**, very significant), <i>p</i><0.001 (***, extremely significant)).