Combined Membrane Trafficking and Signaling Dynamics.

<p>(a) The receptors (R) are activated by the binding of the ligand (RL = receptor ligand complex) and subsequently transported from the plasma membrane (PM) via transport vesicles (iT = in transit) to the endosome (E). The excerpt of the receptor ligand complex (RL) on the right shows single budding events from which the budding frequency and the cargo load of the endocytic vesicles can be derived. (RL) is deactivated in the endosome. Therefore the number of inactive receptors (R) in (E) is increased. The number of active receptor ligand complexes (RL) is reduced due to the endocytosis and deactivation reactions. (b) Accordingly, also the number of active MAPKp signalling molecules is reduced.