Infection of pea aphids by the toxin defective mutant strain.

<p>Immunostaining with anti KdgM or anti CytC antibodies of aphids infected with <i>D. dadantii</i> strain A4977. Anti KdgM and anti CytC antibodies were detected with anti IgG labelled with Alexa fluor 488 (green labelling) and DNA was stained with DAPI (blue labelling). <b>4A</b>: Staining with anti-CytC antibody of an aphid at late infection stage (day 4 post infection). Stain was never detected on such mutants. All the following images are with anti-KdgM stain to detect <i>D. dadantii</i> cell localization. <b>4B to 4D</b>: early infection stage (day 1). When detected, bacterial cells were localized at standard sites, as compared to the wild-type strain, such as in the fat body (4B), the gut lumen and gut cells (4C), and even in the embryonic fat body (4D); <b>4E to 4F</b>: late infection stage, day 4 post infection. <i>D. dadantii</i> are detected in the maternal fat body (4E), and in the gut lumen and cells (4F). Abbreviations are as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030702#pone-0030702-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>.