Enhanced cytokine secretion in <i>PbA</i>-infected BALB/c mice treated with α-CTLA and α-PD-L1 antibodies.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Plasma cytokine levels as determined by cytometric bead array: X = Control; ▪ = α-CTLA-4-treated; □ = α-PD-L1-treated. ¹ Control vs α-CTLA4 p<0.05, ² Control vs α-PD-L1 p<0.05, and ³ α-CTLA4 vs a-PD-L1 p<0.05. (<b>B,C</b>) IFN-γ and IL-10 ELISA of culture supernatants of splenocytes (from day 5 and day 7 infected mice) cultured for 48 h with α-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Spleens from 3–5 individual mice in each treatment group were pooled and each supernatant was analysed in triplicate. Mean (SE) values are shown for six wells. Uninfected = bar with horizontal line, Control = bar with vertical line, α-CTLA-4 = black bar, α-PD-L1 = white bar. (<b>D–G</b>) Intracellular IFN-γ staining of splenocytes isolated on day 7 post-infection and stimulated with PMA/Ionomycin for 5 hours in the presence of Brefeldin A. (<b>D,F</b>) Representative plots. (<b>E,G</b>) IFN-γ levels, shown as mean ± SD, are representative of three experiments (three to six mice per group in each experiment).