Curcumin Promotes A-beta Fibrillation and Reduces Neurotoxicity in Transgenic <em>Drosophila</em>

<div><p>The pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of extracellular deposits of misfolded and aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and intraneuronal accumulation of tangles comprised of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. For several years, the natural compound curcumin has been proposed to be a candidate for enhanced clearance of toxic Aβ amyloid. In this study we have studied the potency of feeding curcumin as a drug candidate to alleviate Aβ toxicity in transgenic <em>Drosophila</em>. The longevity as well as the locomotor activity of five different AD model genotypes, measured relative to a control line, showed up to 75% improved lifespan and activity for curcumin fed flies. In contrast to the majority of studies of curcumin effects on amyloid we did not observe any decrease in the amount of Aβ deposition following curcumin treatment. Conformation-dependent spectra from p-FTAA, a luminescent conjugated oligothiophene bound to Aβ deposits in different <em>Drosophila</em> genotypes over time, indicated accelerated pre-fibrillar to fibril conversion of Aβ_1–42 in curcumin treated flies. This finding was supported by <em>in vitro</em> fibrillation assays of recombinant Aβ_1–42. Our study shows that curcumin promotes amyloid fibril conversion by reducing the pre-fibrillar/oligomeric species of Aβ, resulting in a reduced neurotoxicity in <em>Drosophila</em>.</p>