PKCε inhibitor εV1-2 impairs the formation of ruffles and migration in NSCLC cells.

<p>A. A549 or H358 cells were serum starved for 24 h and migration in response to 10% FBS for 16 h determined using a Boyden chamber in the presence of either εV1-2 or control TAT (1 µM). <i>Left panels</i>, representative micrographs. <i>Right panels</i>, quantification of migratory cells. Data are expressed as the mean ± S.D. of 3 individual experiments. ***, p<0.001. B. Induction of ruffle formation by 10% FBS (30 min) in A549 cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of εV1-2. <i>Left</i>, representative micrographs. <i>Right</i>, quantification of cells bearing ruffles expressed as mean ± S.D. of 3 individual experiments.***, p<0.001. C. Effect of εV1-2 on Rac activation by 2% FBS (2 min) (<i>left panel</i>) or EGF (10 ng/ml, 2 min) (<i>right panel</i>). The concentration of εV1-2 in the EGF experiments was 1 µM. Representative experiments are shown. Values indicate the fold-induction in Rac-GTP levels normalized to total Rac relative to levels at time = 0, as determined by densitometry. Data are expressed as mean ± S.D. (n = 3).**, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001.